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Minorities in the military |
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In the year 1965, the United States sent troops to Vietnam to aid the South
Vietnamese against the communist Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese. As the fighting
increased, the United States was in need of more troops in order to support its
commitment to South Vietnam. Therefore, thousands of Selective Service
registers were called and drafted. The United States also asked its closes ally
the Philippines to help send troops to South Vietnam and in addition this, the
United states requested for an increase of recruitment for the United States
Navy in the region. Thus, the U.S. enlisted thousands of Philippine natives,
including myself.
My involvement started in July of 1968, when I was flown to the United States
beginning my military training in San Diego. Recalling the eight weeks of hard,
intensive training, I still considered myself fortunate to be enlisted in the
United States Navy. Although, when I did graduate boot camp, I cherished the
prize of rest and recreation for 72 hours. My short-lived vacation began with a
group of my fellow Filipino recruits. We decided to catch a bus to downtown San
Diego. As we boarded the bus, I stopped in confusion when I noticed a sign with
“Black” written at the back section of the bus. Looking for the driver for
direction, I was informed by the driver that was no longer enforced. Even with
him saying this, I still sat in the middle row since my skin color fell in between
black and white. As we arrived downtown, I experience culture shock. The town
was colorful and filled with live entertainment. Although, I did want to spend
more time exploring the place, my vacation time was up and I had to go back to
the base.
As our company gathered for the last day, we waited for our next order of job
training. I was wondering why Filipino recruits and few African American were
separated. Having the same order to attend SD “A” school (Steward), we are not
aware that our General Classification Test was high enough to be qualified in
other ratings. This discrimination was puzzling to me since, the Americans I
knew back in the Philippines were good people and America itself is known to be
the land of opportunity. Despite this slight discrimination, I had accepted my
rate and still considered American as good people of good will.
My very first day in steward school was a terrible and memorable one. I was
punished to stand all day for laughing at my superior when he stood on a podium
with a loud harsh voice saying, “these are your tools and in four weeks you
will learn how to use them”. Looking at his left arm, all I saw were utensils:
kitchen fork, knife and spoon. I laughed in disbelief that I joined the Navy to
cook. However, I accepted the job, as if I had another choice, assuming every
recruit started out as a cook. As the man said, in four weeks I learned how to
use them, I became a designated Navy Steward. Upon graduation, my orders were
to board a ship leaving for Vietnam, the USS LONG BEACH CGN-9, the first
nuclear surface ship of the United States Navy. I was assigned to a division of
10 Black Americans, 29 Filipinos and 1 Caucasian the division officer. The
officers of that ship lived like kings, we served them breakfast, lunch and
dinner. In between meals, we worked in their staterooms, dressing their beds
with clean sheets and towels, shining their shoes, cleaning their rooms and
doing their laundry. This was the daily routine of a steward job aboard ship.
After our first six months in Vietnam, we were sent back in the States. My plan
was to escape such slave-like job. So, I enrolled in Long Beach City College to
further my education and hoped that someday the U S Navy will change its policy
toward Filipino servicemen regarding their job assignments. It was my third
month in school when all Navy ships in the Long Beach area were in the state of
emergency and pulled out enroute to the Token Gulf. Our ship, powered by
nuclear reactor, arrived in Vietnam in eighth days two days ahead of the rest
of the conventional ships. Our Navy had deployed mines surrounding the Russian
supply ship in the Vietnam port. President Nixon declared an ultimatum address
to the Russians to leave the harbor in 24 hours or our Navy would activate the
mines. So the Russian was scared off and left peacefully. Since our ship had a
nuclear powered reactor, it was extended to stay in the gulf for ninety days.
The days were long boring where the only entertainment was at night, viewing
the bombing fireworks above the land of Vietnam. Admiral Rickover, founder of
the nuclear Reactor, had asked additional stewards to help his staff. My
division officer had chosen me to work with the admiral’s staff while they were
onboard. At the end of our ninety days, I was content and rich receiving a
three-month combat pay added to my paycheck, a ship port call to the
Philippines. This was my chance to go home, and spend time with my family. As
the Admiral and his staff flew back to Washington DC, I took advantage of
submitting a request to change my job assignment. My request was hand carried
by the Admiral’s steward who came back to inform me that my request was
granted. I now became a Navy Engineman. It was but two years later, in 1972
that the secretary of the Navy had issued a new policy Navy-wide those service
members to have a choice to change their job classification if they met the
requirements. Service members who were minorities, as myself, who were not
happy with their jobs now had a greater chance to change their ratings.
After my six-year contract in the military, I applied for citizenship but there
was problem came across in my naturalization process to become a United States
citizen. The Naturalization Service office told me that I was not qualified for
naturalization since my 6 years time in the military was a broken residency.
The time, I had accumulated in the service was least than five years in
Continental United States. Although I spent six years in the U S Navy, the
three six-month tours in Vietnam did not count toward the requirement for
naturalization. I signed up again for four year, and waited my time to sworn in
for naturalization. I was now an official U.S. citizen gaining all the rights
of one. Therefore, I expected my treatment to be equal to those Caucasian
decent. As I look back, I still wonder the Navy allowed certain races to be
assigned as stewards. Through thinking the Political science class of Professor
Robert Bacon, I realized the mistake of our forefathers in writing the
constitution in allowing slavery practice. Applying this to the Navy, I also
realize how it was allowed that certain races were assigned to be a steward. In
conclusion, I am grateful for the individual rights ruling of chief Justice
Earl Warren. Through this ruling, many benefited from it especially minorities,
as myself, in the United States.